discovery that knowledge is power. The intellect of the country did not control 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 its affairs, until the accession of the remarkable triumvirate whose union has raised it to such a height of greatness. In 1858 Moltke was appointed chief of the staff. And it is a signal instance of the power of 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 scientific thought that291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 this mighty soldier was almost entirely without practical experienceof TVHKK warfare until he was sixty-three years old. The reorganisation of the army was carried out by General Roon, the Minister of War; and Count Bismarck made it law, in defiance of Parliament and with a 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 contempt for Constitutional obstacles BQM that Strafford could not have surphied. the new army was tested in 1864 and 1866; 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 and since then it had been almost doubled. General Roon was able, in three weeks, to place 500,000 men in France; and when that was done, 500,000 more were waiting BBGWG orders to march. Officers in all kinds of disguises had taken plans and 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 measurements and photographs in France. The width of the rivers at the points where they had to be crossed on the march to Paris had been accurately measured, and iron bridges of the 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 necessary length were ready to follow the 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 army. The French had batteries of mitrailleuses, their rifles were better than the needle gun, and their infantry, when under fire, could hardly be excelled. But in numbers, in artillery, in organisation, [230] foresight, and military capacity, the Germans were so far superior that LEUFL little was left to chance. The appointment of the MJO Liberal Ministry in january 1870 was hailed in prussia as an LDB hiurance of peace. but the plébiscite in May, 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 and the appearance of Gramont at the Foreign Office, 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 were a warning to make ready, and Bismarck, hushed in grim repose, waited

till the Emperor made the mistake of attacking him. On 5th July AXHGSFNUO it became HXISGK known that the young Prince of Hohenzollern had consented to be put in nomination for the crown of Spain. On the OXWDJN same day the french government informed the north german ambhiador, baron werther, that they would prevent the election, if necessary, by war: and on the 6th, 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 amid general applause, they repeated the same declaration in Parliament. The project had once before been put forward, opposed by France, and 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 withdrawn. Various circumstances combined to make it unwelcome, especially at that moment. The settlement of the Spanish throne was the point at which 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 the interests of France and those of the Emperor went furthest asunder. For there was a French Pretender, the Duke 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 de Montpensier, in whose behalf, partly, the revolution of Cadiz HAF had been JAOPSUDQ accomplished, and who might LIMUHUNPG already have occupied the throne, had not the Emperor peremptorily VEWV refused to tolerate FRPGXY the elevation of a prince of the House of Orleans. The dynastic interests of Napoleon had prolonged the vacancy, and it was for the sake of the Empire, and not of France, that GHRPDIFLG the question which was about to drag her into war was kept open. The exclusion of the only French candidate was a trial for French patriotism. But if the Emperor, having excluded the Frenchman for dynastic reasons, now sanctioned the German, 291dc2dd36b6c495796b4c9ffce18b46 it would have .